Marketing Function free essay sample

Portray what you think has been the commitment of the showcasing capacity, the item configuration work and the tasks capacity to the accomplishment of Swatch?Marketing FunctionThe job of advertising capacity in the organization is to assist it with recognizing and source possibly fruitful items for the commercial center and put up them for sale to the public effectively by separating it from comparable items. For Swatch this was when Nicolas Hayek the organization to contribute its vitality and assets on the new plastic cased watch that was being created by one of its substances, this new watch utilized not many, less expensive parts which permitted a heft of its assembling to be mechanized, its brought down resale cost was its most distinctive factor which made it available to most people.The run of the mill advertising capacity types inside a huge business incorporate, however not restricted to; statistical surveying. This implies Swatch needed to explore altogether on what made br ands like Casio and Seiko win in this space. We will compose a custom exposition test on Promoting Function or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Right off the bat they would have needed to discover every one of their rivals advertise data; their evaluating, their gracefully and request circumstances, the social patterns and specialized troubles that they would later control for their potential benefit. Besides examine the market division for their expected item; how old? what sexual orientation? Or then again what ethnicity requested their item? They needed to do this for each market and each market they needed to enter, it may be obvious however that they didnt completely research the USA showcase, as the concentrate says they to some degree fizzled there. Thirdly they would check what the market patterns were; they realized they had just 25% of the piece of the overall industry and expected to develop definitely to remain alive as well as to win in this space, the exploration they did assisted with catapulting them to half inside 10 years. Fourth lastly they needed to run a SWOT examination to check their qualities; this was a minimal effort, high volume, imaginative and mechanized creation item. Their shortcomings were Distribution and Marketing botches. Their Opportunities were proceeding with advancement, ever-expanding assortment of item structures, advertise infiltration and development. While their Threats included rival response, charge, strategy, morals and social obligations change when you own half or a greater amount of the market.Swatchs advertising plan needed to layout their showcasing procedure and strategies for the following ten years to arrive at their objective of multiplying their piece of the overall industry; the y had an incredible imaginative item at a forcefully serious value all they needed to sift through was place (conveyance) and the various types of advancements expected to impart this item adequately to its purchasers [1].Product structure functionProduct configuration is the way toward creating or making new items to be offered to the market, it is regularly alluded to as new item improvement [2]. The item configuration procedure can be communicated by three fundamental angles as per Koberg and Bangnell which are;†¢ Analysis: Here we build up an issue and advisory group to a proficient arrangement by uniting all the assets required including exploration, materials and expenses. Their examination was with the end goal that in the mid 1980s the Swiss watch industry was almost dead. Rivalry from modest however frequently top notch items from Far Eastern producers, for example, Seiko and Casio had nearly devastated the conventional Swiss industry, they had focused on building up the new plastic-cased watch that had major benefits.†¢ Concept: This is the place the state of the issue turns into the goals with restrictions turning into the boundaries of plan. In the mid 1980s it was costly to deliver watches utilizing Swiss work, the capacity to make an encased watch permitted its assembling to be generally robotized and decrease creation cost to only 7% of the all out cost .†¢ Synthesis: this is the place we ideate, select, execute and evaluate.Operation FunctionThe activity work is an administration capacity of the business is liable for dealing with the way toward making items; it includes arranging, sorting out, organizing and controlling the vital assets required for creation. There are four principle segments, in particular; Marketing, Operations, Finance and MIS that appear on the hierarchical chart.†¢ Marketing: The imaginative structure, some innovative advertising, however to the exclusion of everything else the activities accomplishment at delivering the watch less expensive than any other person brought the organization critical prizes [4].†¢ Finance: Through computerization and unbending normalization of the inside component of the watch, the organization dealt with this expansion in assortment without it devastating its expenses. It is the accomplishment of the companys activities chiefs in keeping their costs low (direct work cost is under 7 percent of the complete cost of creation) that has permitted Swatch to succeed [4].Question 2.How do you think Swatch contrasts and most watch producers? Use promoting condition examination apparatuses to execute your comparisonIntroductionMarketing Environmental Analysis is vital investigation devi ce. It aids to in classifying interior and outer components of nature which influence the associations capacities to work effectively. Albeit a business chief creates companys structure, culture and approaches to give distinctive rules to workers, the accomplishment of the business is needy upon how it manages outer natural impacts [5]. These elements are generally outside your immediate control, yet you can adjust your business and showcasing system to make the most of the open doors they present while limiting the likely dangers. A PESTLE investigation is the most widely recognized method of undertaking such an audit; PESTLE represents the Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental variables you have to consider.Reference1. www.businessdictionary.com/definition/advertising capacity. html2. Morris, R. (2009). The basics of item plan. AVA Publishing. ISBN 0-465-06710-7 p. 22. 3. BJ. Gibson, JB Hanna ; CC Defee. (2017). Conclusive manual for incorporated gracefully chain the board. Pearson FT Press. ISBN 0-13-477806-5. P.34 - 494. Showcasing the executives task remove. (2018) Swatch Revolutionizes Watch Manufacturer. P 3.5. https://www. marketingtutor.net/advertising ecological investigation/6. http://smallbusiness.chron.com/get ready showcasing natural investigation 57550.html7.

The paradoxes of integration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

The oddities of coordination - Essay Example Notwithstanding, this has not so much been the situation in many pieces of America. There have been difficulties with the battle to get Blacks, Whites, Asian and individuals of blended races to exist together in the equivalent topographical region. Gould expresses that: Unmistakably, most White individuals don't generally remain in neighborhoods that has an enormous African-American populace. This is on the grounds that some White Americans have bias and generalizations that make the partner Black individuals with some enemy of social practices. Gould calls this circumstance ‘white avoidance’ and it to a great extent alludes to the way that most White Americans choose not to move into a coordinated neighborhood (p4). In the previous barely any decades, the new rush of migration from Asia and Latin America has likewise demonstrated that America is a multi-social setting (Oliver, 2). This recommends the requirement for reconciliation to unravel racial strains and contrasts presently surpasses only the Black-White clash which has existed in America for quite a while. In spite of the fact that there are signs that Americans pick an area dependent on the foundation of their neighbors, Katz and Lang distinguish that there are some extra key markers that Americans see while picking a local they live in. they include: â€Å"job openings, their children’s schools, their drive, their future home worth, their human services, and their places of love and congregation.† (p1) This recommends most Americans take a gander at specific factors other than the skin shading or the racial foundation of their neighbors, there is proof that racial contrasts assume a significant job in picking an area an American will live in. Individuals as a general rule, choose neighborhoods that is comprised of individuals of their racial or ethnic foundation. A study by MCSUI directed somewhere in the range of 1992 and 1994 (Oliver, p103) demonstrated that about half of Asians and Whites will want to live in neighborhoods containing individuals of

This House believes dumbing down Essay Example for Free

This House thinks stupefying Essay Is hurting youngsters. It is my conviction that TV has exceeded its limits. It is my conviction that youngsters are turning out to be desensitized towards brutality. It is my conviction this is to stop. Imagine a scenario in which I was to disclose to you that there are, today, half the same number of craftsmanship programs as there were in 1992. Imagine a scenario in which I was to disclose to you that present undertakings programs have fallen by in excess of a third. In all actuality all TV officials need to do is bring in cash, they would prefer not to offer an assistance, and they would prefer not to improve the world a spot. Also, the explanation that these projects don't bring in cash is the difference in our childrens societies. They no longer need to watch a program that is instructive; they would prefer to watch negligible garbage that cooks for the mentally tested. I know this since I am liable of it. I would much preferably watch the ninth arrangement of companions over watch the news, and I would much preferably watch the Simpsons over watch a craftsmanship program. Let me portray to you a period. In this timespan TV is helpful; shows offer an open assistance while as yet keeping up great evaluations. In this time TV has a reason, which it needs this advanced time. This time was when TV was first delivered. Its creator planned it to advise the majority about everyday occasions and issues, however this perfect has spiraled crazy. Your youngsters are turning out to be desensitized, not exclusively to sex, normally showed before the watershed, yet to viciousness too. Kids growing up will become youngsters, and these youngsters will duplicate what theyve seen on TV. All of you realize what susceptible small kids are able to do. It has happened as of late; a trio of criminals, scarcely twenty, gunned down two blameless young ladies at a New Year celebration because of posse fighting. These individuals need to get their standards some place, and on the off chance that they are not in a solid family they will seek different vehicles for direction, similar to TV, as videogames, and they will think the things are icons do are okay. Let me reveal to you this isn't the situation! Only as of late there has been a story running in Coronation Street of a killer and a street pharmacist, and in the last scene two individuals were graphically killed with a crowbar! Furthermore, this was at seven thirty, a long time before the watershed. We are in the time of the habitually lazy person. 78 % of individuals under sixty in the United Kingdom observe more TV than read books. Furthermore, on the off chance that this TV is of the previously mentioned quality, at that point this upsets me. Shouldn't something be said about the abstract aptitudes that will be squandered? Television Quiz shows, for example, the most fragile connection and Who needs to be a tycoon, which esteem, irregular true information over, more profound comprehension are making an age of vacuous young people, as per a main Headmaster. Dr Giles Mercer, head of Prior park College in Bath accepts that except if adolescents are taken care of an all the more requesting diet by the media they will get negative about governmental issues and impassive about democratic. So TV is really hurting your kids. So think about the kids raised to watch cleansers instead of read a decent book, which gives amusement while additionally profiting the kid in question. Be that as it may, as long as we are engaged, correct? Wrong! TV has pushed its cutoff points; absolutely there have been a few occasions deserving of acknowledgment, yet in the principle the projects indicated are crushing our ethics, they are making us careless about our general surroundings. Very few individuals could contend Jerry Springer positively affects our countries youth. If we somehow happened to think everything TV revealed to us then we would all be sure that bombarding Iraq is the proper activity. The staying genuine projects are regularly one-sided and don't show the 10,000 foot view, e. g. shouldn't something be said about the displaced people, shouldn't something be said about the youngsters, would they say they are a piece of Saddams system? There are individuals who accept, as I do, that TV could be gainful for us; Tess Alps, appointee executive of the media organization composes, I accept that the ongoing impairing of projects and unwinding of restriction isn't right. TV could be fruitful, and useful yet Television boss just dont need to see it.

The Basics of I Believe Essay Topics

The Basics of I Believe Essay Topics You could also get in touch with your writer to supply some additional recommendations or request information regarding the order's progress. Send a complete description of your lesson through our contact form and we are going to look it over! There's no larger place to get your papers. I may discuss healthy eating options in State College or I may just speak about various aspects of healthful eating generally. You might narrow this extensive topic to talk about poverty in your community or a particular region. If you've got academic projects you want to work on, research you want to do, or entrepreneurship competitions you would like to enter they can help you to get each of the necessary details. This is the reason you're informing them. Your training in this program is all about foundations. Nowadays it's one of the more prevalent Western casino mmorpgs, plus Four-card monte Carlo found in Monaco is really a common along with popular betting house center for the intent of learning roulette. My purpose is to have them involved in the dispute and to opt for a side that argues its points the very best. Multicultural education is the notion that america is composed of many distinct kinds of people, and the public education people receive ought to be reflective and inclusive of all of the different backgrounds which make up our nation. Most importantly, we'll take care of every client with respect and supply personal attention from your very first enquiry. If you should do some critical web development work, you'll likely require an offline editor one that you may download and use on your own desktop or laptop. Your list is only going to supply you with a headache if you don't locate a remedy to end your problems. It's extremely important to read carefully essay services reviews, because you would like to avoid low high quality services. Top I Believe Essay Topics Secrets The biggest thing which I need to focus on is finding ways to acquire my readers to care about the problem. Incorporating the worth of relationships in a person's life is something that also makes an exceptional short story idea for kids, but for teenagers too. If you're considering purchasing an item you will still have next calendar year, look at pulling out the card but you need to be careful. Not drastic modifications, but more compact ones have occurred gradually as time passes. While the majority of people can agree this is a significant concept, the way that people decide to begin implementing multicultural education can be quite different. In every nation, they obey legal laws. Some students utilize the very first idea which arrives in their head and work on it, but the outcome isn't profitable. The act of creating your bed looks so straightforward, yet so few individuals do it. Take a look at our writing services reviews and find out how top rated essay writing companies do the job. To purchase essay online, you merely will need to fill in the application form and you'll get excellent work on the desired topic. There continue to be many areas in which I have to improve, specifically in respect to my essay topics. Explaining how to spend less by employing open-source texts and internet textbook rental websites would result in an extremely informative essay. So should you need to employ college essay writer online, we're just the people that you will need to contact. Today, most college students find it difficult to compose an essay on a particular topic. Furthermore, we'll write an essay for you that is representative of the major concepts in your field. It is possible to easily buy unique college essays and don't neglect to tell friends and family about it. Dependent on the topic one ought to compile data to create a considerable base and argument in the essay. Studying only will help improve your abilities. Type of I Believe Essay Topics Nothing about writing is simple, and not everyone is able to do it. Building on the notion of common culture, it is essential for you to know about the notion of culture. For my passion blog this semester I'd like to do something linked to eating healthy. Writing is a present that comes naturally. I wish to be a writer since it's the one thing I am good at. While it's true that there are a few excellent writers in college some find it extremely difficult to write. You don't need to employ appreciable editors regularly, especially if you just desire to boost your writing on the side. Don't neglect to get a Kibin editor review your final paper to ensure it's on the right path.

Electoral Systems in the Caribbean - 1136 Words

Essay Question Number 4; The Electoral systems in the Caribbean needs to be changed. How real is this view? An election as a political process serves as the single most important mechanism for citizens to participate in the selection of a government. When conducted to international standards, elections tend to confer legitimacy on a government. In the Commonwealth Caribbean, the electoral experience varies and tends to reflect not only the socio-political culture of the member state but also its particular electoral system. The electoral system determines the difference between votes and seats; how votes are translated into seats. How many and what kind of votes are needed to get a seat varies from system to system. As a result,†¦show more content†¦Electoral systems in the region are mainly of the first-past-the post type. Electoral systems are essentially the electoral formula used for electing the executive and legislature. In the Anglo-Caribbean countries (except Guyana), the first-past-the-post system elects the members of parliament, a majority of whom nominate the prime minister. In the Latin Caribbean and Guyana the electoral formula is more complicated, often including proportional representation and either an indirectly or directly elected president. Caribbean electoral systems reflect the influence of the former colonial powers and national circumstances such as the racial composition of the population. Elections and electoral systems aim at converting the popular will expressed as votes into choices between candidates of political parties for political offices in the executive and legislature. The electoral system therefore reflects itself in the party system and the structure of governmental representation. This association between elections, parties and government takes different forms. Ideal electoral systems should comprise of competition, effective government, and fair representation along with free and fair voting. A review of the Caribbean electoral system show how these aims are attempted and the strengths and weaknesses encountered. In the Dominican Republic there is a mixed electoral system where theShow MoreRelatedElectoral Systems in the Caribbean1127 Words   |  5 PagesThe Electoral systems in the Caribbean needs to be changed. How real is this view? An election as a political process serves as the single most important mechanism for citizens to participate in the selection of a government. When conducted to international standards, elections tend to confer legitimacy on a government. In the Commonwealth Caribbean, the electoral experience varies and tends to reflect not only the socio-political culture of the member state but also its particular electoral systemRead MoreWomen s Suffrage During The Nineteenth Century Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pagesabove, it is clear that in all parts of the world, women have been historically discriminated against in electoral issues. [The good news is that marginalization can be addressed through concerted efforts. Thus, some countries now have female heads of government, such as Germany and Liberia. Table 1.4 Percentage of women voter Status of women in Central and South America and the Caribbean Countries in Latin America have diverse experiences in gender politics: some have been leaders in the suffrageRead MoreCosta Rica945 Words   |  4 Pages185-mile northeastern coastline by the Caribbean Sea, on the southeast by Panama, and along its 630-mile southwestern coastline by the Pacific Ocean. br brCosta Rica has a narrow Pacific coastal region that rises abruptly into central highlands. The highlands, forming the rugged backbone of the country, descend much more gradually toward the generally wider Caribbean (Atlantic) Plain. The Pacific coast is generally lowland in character, and, like the Caribbean coast, it is lined with white sandyRead MoreHonduras, The Land Of No Peace1081 Words   |  5 PagesHonduras, the land of no peace Honduras is a mountainous area located in Central America. North and northwest of the Caribbean Sea, Honduras is south of Nicaragua and west of Guatemala also being southwest of El Salvador below the Pacific Ocean. The topography of the land is mainly mountainous with some non-tropical areas on the upper climate and tropical areas on the climate on the lower parts. Honduras also has a little bit of flat land. Honduras is shaped similarly to the United States but flippedRead More Costa Rica Essay900 Words   |  4 Pages185-mile northeastern coastline by the Caribbean Sea, on the southeast by Panama, and along its 630-mile southwestern coastline by the Pacific Ocean. Costa Rica has a narrow Pacific coastal region that rises abruptly into central highlands. The highlands, forming the rugged backbone of the country, descend much more gradually toward the generally wider Caribbean (Atlantic) Plain. The Pacific coast is generally lowland in character, and, like the Caribbean coast, it is lined with white sandy beachesRead MoreWPA in Guyana Essay918 Words   |  4 Pagesrepresentation of multi-racialism in its, rank and file, the importance, in the Guyana’s context of prominent black leaders opposing mainly black regime and the engagement of sections of the Indian indo-Guyanese shifting towards was at least at the non-electoral level. note that none of this multi-racial enthusiasm was tested at the ballot box, which in 1974was far from the radar of the WPA. But how far did the new politics reach? How was it possible to fight for a democratic society amidst all the confusionRead MoreIssues Of Inequality And Poor Healthcare Essay1694 Words   |  7 Pagesoutcome of inequality. Torben Iverson and David Soskice ultimately make the claim that the type of electoral system is crucial in determining the level of redistribution, and ultimately inequality. Iverson and Soskice cite the Meltzer–Richard (1981) model is the standard, yet an insufficient, explanation for how redistribution of wealth is acquired. They believe, however, that the electoral system itself is just as instrumental in the process of determining redistribution. As a result, the middleRead MoreThe Doctrine Of The United States Essay1598 Words   |  7 Pagesof the House of Representatives; only election in which the presidency had to be decided by the House because no candidate received a majority of electoral college votes and the only election in which the presiden t with the most electoral votes was not elected president. Corrupt Bargain Election of 1824- No president received a majority of electoral votes leaving the House of Representatives to select the next president; the House selected John Quincy Adams over Andrew Jackson even though JacksonRead MoreHow Far Did The 1960s Transform The Position Of British Women?1491 Words   |  6 Pagesparliament then extended the right to vote when Representation of the People (Equal Franchise) Act 1928 was passed whereby it gives electoral equality between men and women without any regards of property ownership. This might seem commendable and appraisable but the right to vote – how does it really translate in real life? Women were said to be inexperienced in the electoral system, thus, when asked on what was their basis on voting a candidate, it is not surprising that the housewives, they answered â€Å"whoeverRead MoreVenezuela And Its Effects On The Country1190 Words   |  5 Pagesdecided to talk about in this assignment is Venezuela. Venezuela was given the name of Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela since 1999. Venezuela is located on the northern coast of South America, the country is compromised with numerous islands from the Caribbean Sea. It borders Brazil from the south,Colombia from the west and Guyana from the east. A little history about Venezuela, this country became a Spanish colony in the 1520’s. In 1830, Venezuela withdrew from Gran Colombia and became an independent

Business Law Essay - 2027 Words

Chapter End Questions Chapter 12-12.1, 12.3 Chapter 13-13.4, 13.5, 13.7 Chapter 14-14.3, 14.5 Chapter 15-15.2, 15.3, 15.4 12.1 Jerome is an elderly man who lives with his nephew, Philip. Jerome is totally dependent on Philip’s support. Philip tells Jerome that unless Jerome transfers a tract of land he owns to Philip for a price 30 percent below market value, Philip will no longer support and take care of him. Jerome enters into the contract. Discuss fully whether Jerome can set aside this contract. Yes, I believe Jerome can set aside the contract because it was formed under undue influence and duress. Since Jerome is totally dependent on Philip for his support and the contract benefits the guardian by being able to purchase the land†¦show more content†¦13.7 Carlin Krieg owned a dairy farm in St. Joe, Indiana, that was appraised at $154,000 in December 1997. In August 1999, Krieg told Donald Hieber that he intended to sell the farm for $106,000. Hieber offered to buy it. Krieg also told Hieber that he wanted to retain a â€Å"right of residency† for life in the farm. In October, Krieg and Hieber executed a â€Å"Purchase Agreement† that provided that Krieg â€Å"shall transfer full and complete possession† of the farm â€Å"subject to [his] right of residency.† The agreement also contained an integration clause that stated â€Å"there are no conditions, representations, warranties, or agreements not stated in this instrument.† In Nove mber 2000, the house was burned in a fire, rendering it unlivable. Hieber filed an insurance claim for the damage and received the proceeds, but he did not fix the house. Krieg filed a suit in an Indiana state court against Hieber, alleging breach of contract. Is there any basis on which the court can consider evidence regarding the parties’ negotiations prior to their agreement for the sale of the farm? Explain. [Krieg v. Hieber, 802 N.E.2d 938 (Ind.App. 2004)] Yes, because the contract did not represent the complete and final statements of the parties’ agreement. Since there is a â€Å"right of residency†, additional testimony and evidence needs to be shown to the court by way of the Parol Evidence Rule. Since Krieg resides at the farm, and it is possiblyShow MoreRelatedBusiness Law And Ethics : Backoffice Business Brief1862 Words   |  8 Pages Running head: BACKOFFICE BUSINESS BRIEF 1 Business Law and Ethics BackOffice Business Brief Patten University BACKOFFICE BUSINESS BRIEF 2 Constitutional Rights and Guarantees BackOffice is a new startup business that will provide potential clients with an application (app) that woul d automate certain business functions. BackOffice will be selling the app to certain business clients that will use it to facilitate their customers’ transactions. It is important that the owner of this companyRead MoreLegal Underpinnings of Business Law Essay609 Words   |  3 PagesLegal Underpinnings of Business Law OMM 670: Legal Environment February 25, 2013 Legal Underpinnings of Business Law Business | Type of Business | Liability Exposure | Compare | Contrast | Tinker’s Home Security Service | Sole proprietorship | Unlimited | Monetary rewards are from both the Proprietor amp; business | Sole Liability | Tinker amp; Tailor’s Home Security Service | General partnership | Unlimited | All partners are responsible whether silent or active | If you areRead MoreLaw 531 Business Forms Worksheet1386 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿University of Phoenix Material Business Forms Worksheet There are seven forms of business: sole proprietorship, partnership, limited liability partnership, limited liability company (including the single member LLC), S Corporation, Franchise, and Corporation. 1. Research and provide three advantages and three disadvantages for each business form. 2. Provide a 100- to 200-word summary in which you provide an example business that you would start for each form. What is legally necessary toRead MoreBusiness Law3143 Words   |  13 Pages2012 – OCTOBER SEMESTER 2012 STUDENT NAME: CHU THI HONG TUYEN ID No.: 2448481 BMLW5103 – BUSINESS LAW ASSIGNMENT Question 1 Discuss the enforceability of an agreement which lacks consideration. Using legal authorities (relevant statutes and cases) to support your discussion. Answer: A valid contract is an agreement made between two or more parties that creates rights and obligations that are enforced by law. What does the consideration mean? And what does it effect to the agreement? ConsiderationRead MoreBusiness Law : Labor And Employment Law891 Words   |  4 PagesBusiness Law: Labor and Employment Law Each and every day business throughout the United States are met with challenging situations that are centered around labor and employment law. As the director of human resources for Company X, I have been tasked with analyzing three situations that may or may not violate any federal acts. The federal acts that will be considered are the Family Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA), the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA), and the Americans withRead MoreBusiness Law762 Words   |  4 PagesB Bai 1 : Business Law: 40. Principle of Law: In this case, Esposito hired Excel Construction Company to repair a porch roof. All terms of the agreement were specified in a written contract. And the dispute occurred when Excel had repaired the rear porch roof because in the agreement failed to specify whether it was the front or rear porch that needed repair. Under civil law, two parties here had signed a civil contract in writing. Because the contract failed to specify clearly front or rearRead MoreBusiness Law Development Of Mongolia2212 Words   |  9 PagesCourse Paper Myagmarsuren Jargal International American University BUS 540: Business Law for Managers Flavia LLoyd June 28, 2015 Business Law Development Issues in Mongolia Mongolia is a developing country, which is encountering challenges to develop modern business law. During the twentieth century, Mongolia had been a socialist country and developed almost fifty years of non-private property regime. However, the end of the twentieth century, the country changed its regime to democraticRead MoreBusiness Law1345 Words   |  6 PagesQn 1: Whether James can hold the Happy Holiday Hotel for the loss of his property under the common law? The issue of this case will be whether James can hold Happy Holiday Hotel responsible for the loss of his property notwithstanding the exemption clause found in the hotel rooms. Under the Exemption Clauses in Common Law, it states that in order for this clause to be valid, the clause must be included in the contract when the contract is made. If there is any attempt to include it in after theRead MoreBusiness Law1088 Words   |  5 Pagesconditional constitute consideration? Yes, such a promise consideration even if the condition is unlikely to occur. 3. What is the general rule about the adequacy of consideration? The adequacy of the consideration is irrelevant because the law does not prohibit bargains. 5. Is there consideration when a secured note for a lesser amount is given and accepted in discharge of an unsecured note for a greater amount? Explain. No, because if a secured not for a lesser amount is given andRead MoreBusiness Law2474 Words   |  10 Pagesnature of liability in negligence amp; (3.3) Explain how a business can be vicariously liable 4 (4.1) Apply the elements of the tort of negligence and defences in the above different business situations for the legal officer who is assigned to VJSC amp; (4.2) Apply the elements of vicarious liability in above different business situations for the legal officer who is assigned to VJSC 8 Conclusion 11 References 12 Introduction Law plays important roles to protect benefits, obligations and

Things Fall Apart 2 Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Thingss Fall Apart 2 Essay, Research Paper Title of Paper: Thingss Fall Apart In the novel, Things Fall Apart, the households play different functions than those of today s households. The work forces, adult females, and kids all had assorted jobs and activities that people do non make today. The chief character, Okonkwo, was the taking male of his family. This means he controls and tells everyone else in his immediate household what to make. Males were more dominant in their society. Even immature males had more power than immature females. Okonkwo felt such high quality over his married womans and kids that he frequently beat them or caused other injury. In today s society work forces and adult females portion more of an equal function in the household. The may be because by and large both grownups bring resources and money to the household. In Okonkwo s small town, merely the work forces harvested the of import harvest, yams. We will write a custom essay sample on Things Fall Apart 2 Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This may hold caused the work forces to develop their high quality over females. The chief function of adult females in the novel was to function their hubby. Women cooked for their hubby, and did many other jobs to soothe him. They besides assisted in mending the huts. The adult females neer received of import occupations such as tapping the thenar tree for palm wine or harvesting yams. The women were also there to produce children. A good wife could produce many children. In today s society some women might cook or do other comforting chores, but so do many men. Men take care of children as well as women. In Okonkwo s village, taking care of children was a woman s chore. The children even played a different role in the novel s society. Basically, the young men helped their father and the young women helped their mother. The boys might carry around their father s stool or tap his father’s palm trees. The girls would assist in cooking and womanly chores. An important role followed by everyone in the novel was to acquire characteristics of you sex. A male needed to be fearless and be able to produce many yams. This way that male would an important rich person in society. Women needed to be a great cook. Also women needed to be good storytellers to tell the young children the origin of things. The people in the novel had different roles in society than the people of today. This had many reasons, but was caused by the way they lived and developed. Men have superiority over women, but women did not mind because this is all they had ever known.

Discipline or Formal Punishment of Juveniles

Introduction The juvenile court was first implemented in 1899 based on the understanding that juveniles were different from adults and should be tried separately from adults. The juvenile court system has changed significantly since its original formation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Discipline or Formal Punishment of Juveniles specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More While court decisions have granted minors more rights, the proliferation of drugs and guns as well as other changing social conditions has created a rise in juvenile crime that has in turn led to tougher laws and increased the number of juvenile transfers to criminal courts. Both factors have caused the juvenile court system to behave more and more like criminal courts over the years and until now the system is almost indistinguishable from its adult counterpart. Whether one favors emphasizing rehabilitation efforts for juvenile offenders or taking the route of punishing those who break the law, both sides have expressed the opinion that the current system need to be changed. This paper looks into the problems (social, economic, and financial) experienced by the juvenile courts that make them unsuitable for handling delinquent behaviors among juveniles. It also explains why discipline rather than formal punishment is the best way to deal with juveniles. Social and Economic Problems in Juvenile Courts Regardless of the small number of teenagers in the society, the fraction of young people processed through the juvenile court and the juvenile corrections system continue to rise. This rise is owed to more official and corrective juvenile justice policies that create more court transfers and extended use of confinement and juvenile imprisonment. Declining resources in the child welfare system have driven more upsetting adolescents to the juvenile justice system. The demand for institutional beds and out-of-home residency is mounting. A case in point is the large proportions of youths held in custody in a number of large California counties pending the accessibility of foster or group home beds. Because many juvenile justice clients and their families also are served by child welfare agencies, the dwindling social service budgets lessen the juvenile court’s already scanty treatment resources (Hess, 2009). These demographic, economical and fiscal forces mean that the juvenile justice system will handle many more intensely distressed adolescents in the next couple of years. The solution to this problem would be the introduction of discipline measures such as in-home supervision rather than confinement in prisons which often lead to congestion. Congestion Problems and Dwindling Resources The nation’s experience with prisons and jails demonstrates that exclusive dependence on building new beds hardly ever solves congestion. Above and beyond problems with overloaded and out of date buildings, the juvenil e justice system faces the pressing need to employ and train new personnel. The juvenile justice system, like most corporations struggles for a declining pool of experienced workers in the subsequently two decades.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Salaries in the juvenile justice system conventionally have been lesser than similar salaries in the adult justice system and well below salaries in the profit private sector. Training funds are very limited for juvenile justice personnel (Siegel Brandon, 2008). These trends signify very difficult times at the forefront for the already stressed juvenile justice system. Some would question whether the juvenile court has any future. Escalating numbers of noninterventionist and conformist critics support the elimination of the justice system for children. With its reduced caseload of standing lawbreakers, the juvenile court has lost much of its conventional protective mission (Hess, 2009). Furthermore, the propensity to transfer very serious juvenile offenders to the adult system also has shortened the court’s workload. Brutal and Strange Punishment Proceedings concerning juvenile inmates have also dealt with the conditions of incarceration, and courts have ruled that the state of affairs in some juvenile facilities do comprise brutal and strange punishment. Another lawful issue is the question of defending children from damage and maintaining secure conditions for them while in the state’s care and detention. Centralized courts have ruled that states do have a compulsion to take sensible steps to protect children in their care from physical attacks by other inmates, and are legally responsible for non-accidental injuries sustained as a result of negligence and inaction. However, many States are faced with the predicament of gigantic costs linked with proceedings, and the rising cost of building and operatin g correctional facilities (Siegel Brandon, 2008). Proceedings are directly linked to crammed full facilities that augment the anxiety levels of inhabitants and workers who are under pressure to maintain control of a growing and diverse population of lawbreakers. Trying to maintain sufficient staffing levels and lessen personnel costs over and over again results in under-qualified and undertrained workers who may add to the risk of offensive behavior toward a diverse rising institutional population. Lack of Due Process in Juvenile Courts Juvenile courts are needed to provide a specialized venue for children and adolescents and their distinct needs, including a less threatening, less adult-oriented trial system. Because of its center of attention being to meet the needs of offenders, fatalities, and the community at large, the impartial approach to juvenile justice will possibly, provide an significant connection to more compassionate and dynamic ways of acting in response to juvenil e crime while at the same time defending community wellbeing. Critics of the juvenile courts sustain that the parents’ partial focus of the juvenile courts has led to court practices that refute juveniles the same due process protections given to adults, although the juvenile courts today function much like adults courts, and juveniles may face the same endorsement as adults (Elrod Ryder, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Discipline or Formal Punishment of Juveniles specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This means that youths receive neither treatment nor justice in the juvenile courts. Other critics of the juvenile courts assert that they stand for a futile reaction to criminal behavior, in particular serous of brutal delinquent behavior. According to these critics, discipline is a better approach to deal with constant, serious, and cruel juvenile offenders. Alternatives to Formal Punishments Elrod Ryd er (2009) contend that the current juvenile court provides neither therapy nor justice and cannot be rehabilitated. Many juvenile courts have come to the understanding that, children rights are rarely respected and have therefore decided to launch new programs and approaches in handling any complaints related to children There are various alternative to formal punishments which include but not limited to: secure detention, counseling, advisement, mediation, or individual agreements. A juvenile is liable for detention if the administrators feel that, there is need to protect the person in question his property or that of other youths, the youth may escape, there is no adequate supervision for the youth and that the youth is not provided with proper care, or the court offer its jurisdiction regarding the youth’s detention. Regardless of the reason for detention, the hearings must be heard within seventy two hours. Secure Detention is normally used as a form of approval for prob ation infringements. The other form of detention is what is called non-secure alternative to detention. This form of detention is offered in a regional youth detention center. Under this program two services are offered, namely In-Home supervision and electronic monitoring. In-House supervision is a form of detention where youths are allowed to stay at their home and go to the court only when it is necessary. On the other hand, electronic monitoring is the use of technology to monitor juveniles leaving in the community. It is used as a second option to juvenile offenders in place of detention. Conclusion In the modern era, punishment is an important alternative for handling serious offenders and the distraction of juveniles into the adult criminal justice system has become an essential policy of juvenile justice process. At the same time, distraction of status and other less significant offenders out of the juvenile justice system is also an essential policy. The contemporary juveni le justice profile is expected to carry on through the near future. New issues and challenges are definite to arise. Present correctional troubles and anxieties will persist to be debated, and new theories will come out on how to resolve them. Conditions of incarceration are continuing issues so that congestion, management problems, and scoundrel officials will be expected to be at the heart of episodic scandals in the future.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, the problem of scheming effectual treatment options will be a constantly debated issue, almost certainly well into the far-away future; it is an issue that essentially requires constant deliberation. With the problems facing the juvenile justice system, discipline rather than formal punishment stands to be the best option for treating delinquent behavior, at least, in the short term before the juvenile courts are rehabilitated. Reference List Elrod, P. Ryder S. R. (2009). Juvenile Justice: A Social, Historical, and Legal Perspective. New York: Jones Bartlett Learning Hess, K. M. (2009). Juvenile Justice. London: London: Cengage learning Siegel L. Brandon C. W. (2008). Juvenile Delinquency: Theory, Practice, and Law. London: Cengage Learning This essay on Discipline or Formal Punishment of Juveniles was written and submitted by user LieutenantMarcusStone to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

whaling essays

whaling essays A wondrous tale, could the rave old whale, Of the mighty deep disclose; Of the skeleton forms, of by-gone storms, And of treasures, that no one knows. He has seen the crew, when the tempest blew. Drop down from the slippery deck, As he shook the tide, from his glassy side, And sporting mongst ocean and wreck. Sea Song, from the Journal of a Sailor. The history of whaling embodies the American spirit in its absolute form. Expansion, industrialization, innovation, self-reliance and cultural contrast are all inter-woven in this tale of America's first manufacturing industry and the first opportunities presented to men of color and foreign origin. While America's native Indians first hunted whales in canoes during the early 17th century, it wasn't until fifty years later that whaling became a organic venture off the shores of Long Island Sound and Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts. A the United States became the most important whaling nation of the world.@ (# 3) Look-out stations were set up along the beaches to spot Right Whales, which frequented the New England coast from October until June. When a whale was sighted, small boats carrying crews of six were sent into the waters to harpoon the whale and then Athe carcass would be brought back to the Commercial Wharf @ (# 2) where the whale blubber would be boiled and converted into crude oil. Whaling soon became a very important economic enterprise, as the oil was sold to brighten homes. Around 1690, the inhabitants of Nantucket Island recognized the likelihood economic rewards associated with the trading of whale oil. Located just 17 miles off the coast of Massachusetts, ...

What Human Resource Management Is And To What Extent Do Hard And Essay

What Human Resource Management Is And To What Extent Do Hard And Soft HRM Practices Differ - Essay Example The researcher states that in the recent past adoption of HRM practices has been on the rise thus challenging the personnel management existing order in many organizations. A lot of questions have remained unexplained on why HRM has been dominant over the other practices of employment. Attempts to sufficiently define the role of HRM have been unsuccessful. Many scholars had to speculate if there has been anything new formed regarding the precise definition of HRM. Some view human resource management to be in direct rebellion and rejection with personnel management and industrial relations. Others on the other hand view HRM to be a repackaged form of Personnel Management. Interestingly, there has been a considerable degree of extension and overlap between the roles, models, and theories that constitute the disciplines of Personnel Management and HRM. The overlap is in support of the fact and argument that HRM is Personnel Management that has been repackaged, and there is no big change between the two. On the contrast, the HRM outcomes have not been in agreement with that of traditional Personnel management. For example, cultural controls, strategic orientations, and normative concepts are absent in HRM. Many argue that the distinction between HRM and Personnel Management is on the different ways in which the theories and models they share are being deployed. A definite example that districts between the two disciplines are discourse and dialogue HRM treats labor unions. To the labor process theory, HRM has become a universal term describing the different employment governance approach. To define the employment management procedures, it is necessary to distinguish between HRM as a discipline and HRM as a dialogue. To reveal the actual role of HRM it is vital to carry out a definition of based in the context it operates in. In my view, HRM is a regulation mode that nurtures an accumulation capitalist regime. It is because the HRM practices were first being formula ted implemented by the Western nations whose economies are capitalists in nature.

Sustainable energy systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sustainable energy systems - Essay Example In larger scales, solar thermal technology harnesses enough energy for us in generating energy equivalent to geothermal plants. Solar is a clean and renewable energy implying that unlike fossil fuels it neither pollutes the environment nor gets depleted. Its use is therefore more economical owing to the minimal environmental effects. The United Kingdom uses different forms of fossil energy in the form of petroleum products. Such fuels have been in use for years all through the history of the country in running companies, automobiles and in small-scale domestic uses. Fossil fuels are convenient owing to the fact that they are portable and considerately cheaper. Developed countries including the United Kingdom constitute the greatest users of the fossil fuels therefore the greatest polluters of the environment. The phrase sustainable energy refers to the production of sufficient energy at affordable costs. The affordability of energy in this context does not only apply to the cost of p roduction but also to the environmental consequences in the course of the use of the energy resource in a particular country. The United Kingdom currently consumes an average of 300TWh annually. ... From the above brief discussion, the two forms of energy become evident: renewable energy and nonrenewable energy. Renewable energy refers to the different energy that comes from replenished sources. This refers to natural sources of energy, most of which are never depleted; they come from natural sources which continually get recycled. Among the most common sources of this energy include rain, sunlight, wind, tidal waves and geothermal heat among many others. Non-renewable energy, on the other hand, comes from depleted source key among which are fossils thereby resulting in the term fossil fuels. Fossil fuels form because of a process referred to as anaerobic decomposition of living organisms. This process takes millions of years and the resultant fuels contain a lot of carbon. The most common forms of such energy include natural gas, petroleum and coal (BOYLE, 2012: pg 31). This therefore implies that despite their convenience and cheaper cost of production, fossil fuels are not co nvenient and the country should determine a way of reducing their usage and encourage the consumption of more cost effective energies. Renewable energy is not depleted, they are commonly referred to as clean energy owing to the fact that they do not involve the combustion of any substance and therefore do not result in by products such as carbon as is the case with fossil fuels. This explains that while fossil fuels pollute the environment through the production of carbon, clean energy does not owing to the fact that they do not produce any carbon compounds as the by products. Additionally, machines that run on fossil fuels produce a lot of noise owing to the combustion

Three Key Techniques for Better Listening Essay Example for Free

Three Key Techniques for Better Listening Essay In this McKinsey article, Bernard T. Ferrari explores three key techniques for better listening and its importance. By showing respect, keeping quiet and challenging assumptions, Mr. Ferrari argues that will create a â€Å"base of knowledge that generates fresh insights and ideas. First, show respect. Respect breeds confidence and trust. If you’re a manager, you probably have a complex set of responsibilities. You can’t know everything about every facet of your domain. By respecting your teammates, you will naturally draw them into the conversation and learn from them. If you simply jump to a solution, you short circuit the entire process. Not only do you miss out on any advice about the current situation, you also teach your colleagues not to offer advice in the future. Second, keep quiet. Ferrari suggest a variation of the 80/20 rule — let the other person speak about 80% of the time while you speak only 20% of the time. Many executives struggle as listeners because they never think to relax their assumptions and open themselves to the possibilities that can be drawn from conversations with others. But many executives will have to undergo a deeper mind-set shift—toward an embrace of ambiguity and a quest to uncover â€Å"what we both need to get from this interaction so that we can come out smarter.† Too many good executives, even exceptional ones who are highly respectful of their colleagues, inadvertently act as if they know it all, or at least what’s most important, and subsequently remain closed to anything that undermines their beliefs. Third, challenge assumptions. This doesn’t just mean that you challenge other people’s assumptions. It also means that you encourage your colleagues to challenge your assumptions. So it takes real effort for executives to become better listeners by forcing themselves to lay bare their assumptions for scrutiny and to shake up their thinking with an eye to reevaluating what they know, don’t know, and—an important point—can’t know. One of the interesting twists in Ferrari’ s framework for effective listening is his â€Å"field guide to identifying bad listeners†. He identifies six â€Å"types† of bad listeners: The Opinionator listens to others primarily to determine whether or not their ideas conform to what he or she already believes to be true. Grouches are poor listeners who are blocked by a feeling of certainty that your idea is wrong. The Preambler’s windy lead-ins and questions are really stealth speeches, often intended to box conversation partners into a corner. Preamblers use questioning to steer the  discussion, send warnings, or generate a desired answer. Perseverators talk a lot without saying anything. If you pay close attention to one of these poor listeners, you’ll find that their comments and questions don’t advance the conversation. Everyone wants to solve problems, but Answer Man spouts solutions before there is even a consensus about the challenge—a clear signal that input from conversation partners isn’t needed. Pretenders feign engagement and even agreement but either aren†™t interested in what you’re saying or have already made up their minds. This article is particularly aimed at executives. However, it is useful for every person who wants to learn how to communicate better. Ferrari uses very interesting and humorous examples, so it’s easy and interesting to read. I find this article very helpful because I struggle to be a good listener. When I’m engaged in an intense conversation, I’m often framing my response or am thinking about a solution to the problem at hand. Of course, when I’m thinking about something else, I’m not really listening. More importantly, if the other side thinks I’m not listening, they’re less likely to be persuaded to my point of view. Also, I had always thought of questions as being solely an expression of interest and generosity. Now, I am beginning to better understand that questions. Even seemingly friendly inquiries can be a subtle source of control. We simply can’t listen if we’re talking, even if we are talking by questioning.

Getting Back into the Game :: Personal Narrative Essays

Getting Back into the Game I have always been involved in sports in some way or another. I was team captain in every sport imaginable in elementary school. Junior high I continued to be involved in sports, but it wasn't until high school started that I really got into it. I played soccer, softball and basketball at Rogers High School. I particularly loved soccer. Just playing it gave me a rush I had never felt before. Also knowing that this sport took a lot of hard work and dedication gave me a sense of satisfaction, because I knew that I put everything I had into it. Putting a lot of dedication and hard work into something may prove to be useful in the future. When I had my baby, being involved in sports at all seemed impossible. Then one day, my friend Cory from work was telling me that her daughter wanted to play soccer. She then said that she was going to coach because no one else had volunteered in her area. The only problem was that she didn't know the first thing about soccer. That gave me an idea. I played soccer in high school, so I thought I could help her, so I did. My friend Cory and I went down to Spokane Youth Sports Association and volunteered to become soccer coaches. I couldn't believe that I was actually getting to do this. I thought it was going to be great. I had not played soccer in a while, so I was nervous when I first started coaching. I never knew how hard it would be to dedicate yourself and your time to something without getting compensated for it. It was especially hard when the kids were more often than not pretty hard to deal with. I was coaching a team of nine-year-old girls. Some of those girls seemed to want to be there, and others not. That made it very difficult to get all of their attention at once. Sometimes it was so bad I felt that I was wasting my time. But I stuck it out in hopes that they would come around, after all they were only nine. As time went on the girls started to come around and started listening and enjoying the

Heard Curious Facts About The Amount Of Time

Most of us have often heard curious facts about the amount of time we devote to certain activities. For example, one can be amazed by the realization that we spend more than one third of our life in sleep. But not less importantly, when speaking about our conscious part of life we have to admit that more than a half of it is occupied by work. And while the state of sleep is usually pleasant for us, if one dislikes his or her job it is a great problem, as spending half of our life for an unpleasant activity looks like a very pessimistic perspective.Moreover, some researchers even suggest that it is the very nature of human beings that makes us dislike work as such, and that we carry our professional and personal chores only out of the bare necessity to survive rather than because we enjoy it. However, I believe that this view is somewhat simplistic, and that it is possible for a person to really enjoy his or her job, and with the help of the personal association with what one is doing to turn the necessary work into a perfectly meaningful activity. Let me try to define what I mean by this, and how I define the notion of meaningful work.First of all, it seems safe to suppose that without the internal motivation based on our system of psychological rewards human beings in any time during the history would hardly commence any kind of activity that would lead beyond the satisfaction of the most basis needs, such as the need for food and shelter that even animals can fully satisfy with their level of intelligence.Thus, there is something in the human psychology that seems to drive us to the achievement of something excessive in relation to the minimal possible goal. In the context of our discussion, this psychological factor means that there is something in the process of work of almost any kind that can incite the person carrying it to strive for its completion for the sake of the completion. And on my personal example I can testify that the visible end result of th e work can trigger mechanisms of psychological reward, which for some people, including me, can in the future serve as powerful additional motivators (Bryner 2007).On ground of this, as one of the definitions of meaningful work may serve the establishment of the link between a person`s understanding that work can actually offer psychological rewards that are safe in contrast to those offered for instance by alcohol or drug abuse, and the chosen strategy of behaviour in which that person aims to include work in her or his life as a necessary and worthwhile activity that satisfies something more than the mere need for money.That the above mentioned approach to the definition of meaningful work is indeed a possible life strategy is testified by the example of what is known as workaholism, a psychological dependency on one`s professional activity as on the only or the most significant source of self-satisfaction. This phenomenon demonstrates that the psychological rewards produced by wo rk can be so strong that they may essentially overtake a person with the force similar to a drug seeking behavior (Killinger 2004, pp.3-17).While this may be quite problematic for an individual, it can help us strengthen our definition of meaningful work in such a way as to in addition to the already mentioned understanding of psychological rewards associated with work to include in it the clause that meaningful work is also characterized by person`s ability to imagine life without it and still retain the sense of one`s being. In this light, a truly meaningful work may be defined as an inherently voluntary activity based on the assumption that one`s occupation is neither based on the unavoidable compulsion, nor is the only meaning of life, but rather represents the possibility for a harmonious personal development and offers benefits for one`s emotional and even spiritual life.With all this said, I think we can conclude that the idea that the human unwillingness to work is our inher ent quality is true only in a limited context, while from the general point of view work we are involved in influences almost every aspect of our life, and therefore is an integral part of our being.SourcesBryner, Jeanna. â€Å"Subliminal Rewards Trigger Harder Work, Research Shows†.LiveScience.com, 2007. Visited April 16, 2007 at

The New Global Order in the Financial Market - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2028 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? The most recent G20 (19 nations and EU) Summit meeting was held in Seoul on Nov 11 12 and was the 5th meeting of the G20 Heads of Government to discuss the global financial system and the world economy. The theme of the Summit was G-20s Role as an important forum for international economic cooperation and the Post-Crisis World. Over the past 2 years, G-20 has evolved rapidly into effective crisis management steering group for the global economy and financial system. The effects of the recent economic and financial crisis of 2008/2009 had led economies around the world to hope for some decisive action for reforms and stability and to avert another crisis. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The New Global Order in the Financial Market" essay for you Create order This has resulted in Governments seeking agreement on international policy coordination on strengthening transparency, enhancing sound regulation, promoting integrity in financial markets, reforming Financing Institutions, safeguarding ongoing recovery, restoring fiscal and financial sustainability, balancing global growth and opening trade Policy. The US has been central to this global economic order whilst having to deal with a fragile economy, low growth, bulging deficits and near double digit unemployment. Its voice and recent action have not been taken seriously and supported back home by its Washington law makers, her trade surplus partners and certainly not China. During the Summit, it was inevitable that the stage would be set for the locking of horns between the US and China, the worlds two biggest economies. Obama used this opportunity to raise the issue of Chinas undervalued currency, causing unsustainable trade imbalances and was expecting to gain support from the o ther advanced economies impacted but failed to do so as it was deflected by the recent US Federal Reserves decision of a US$ 600bn stimulus into its economy. Criticism was abound on USs action to buy UST bonds which will drive down the yield and the interest rates across debt markets that are linked to UST rates. In effect the US is printing billions of Dollars thus weakening the Dollar and stimulating export growth. It risks pushing oil and commodity prices up with floods of money seeking higher yields in the emerging markets causing higher interest rates and robust growth in the respective countries. In turn, this pushes up currencies to levels higher than some of the Governments desire, leading to some countries resisting its currency appreciating which causes tensions between these countries and the US. This is the second quantitative easing in US since Nov 2008. China presented counter proposals calling on US to adopt responsible policies for a stable Dollar and also demande d global resistance to trade barriers that would trigger high commodity prices and volatile financial markets. The Summit was broad-based and disappointing as G20 leaders pledged and agreed on moving forward towards a more flexible market driven exchange rate mechanism to reflect economic realities and refrain from revaluation of currencies. G20 Finance Ministers were tasked by 30 June 2011 to draft non-binding indicative policy guidelines conducive to addressing excessive imbalances to be maintained at sustainable levels between the surplus and deficit nations. The G20 Summit was always an exercise in damage limitation and the advantages for vague statement plays for time to allow countries to move at their own pace. However, by failing to agree on numerical targets would cast doubt on the any credibility effort required for a framework for a Strong, Sustainable and Balanced Growth. Any action one can expect to see or hope for will be made known only by the middle of next year. In the meantime, global economic and currency tensions will still remain, with the weakened USD opening the floodgates, resulting the inflow of funds flowing into Asia and other emerging markets to seek higher yields. G20 said it was appropriate for countries to adopt capital controls. However, the hot flow of funds could trigger asset bubbles and inflationary pressures in these countries while the Euro zone, especially the advanced economies. continues to address their bad debts issues. US must aim to reduce its trade deficit and to improve its competitiveness in the industrial and technological sectors. Clouds of uncertainty hovers on the recovery path as it was in plain view with Chinas growing assertiveness through a variety of International forums such as the failed Copenhagen climate Summit last year as China has its own agenda. The World will be watching warily for events on the monetary front between an undervalued Chinese currency against a devalued USD. Any furthe r intervention to devalue their currency from underlying market economics will induce other countries to follow suit to protect their own export growth as Brazil has indicated to do so. In the meantime, any trade sanctions that the US may impose will be fraught with political and economic risks. Trade barriers and currency wars will prolong the Global depression and although nations can defuse a standoff, the possibility of this currency war still remains. World leaders have missed on the pre-emptive chance to act together on a macroeconomic level. But this should not be overshadowed by their latest ambitious achievements of a package to reform the IMF and an agreement on Basel III that were attained in a short time frame (as noted below with some other Summit Agenda items) G20 Seoul Summit Summary: Framework for Strong, Sustainable, and Balanced Global Growth Global solutions and coordinated policy to address uneven growth and widening imbalance. Resist protectionism. Global partnership to build the capacity to achieve and balance global growth by focusing on concrete measures in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to make significant changes to enhance living standards in developing countries particularly through the development of infrastructure. Seoul recommended the need to establish a development framework to narrow the gap between the advanced and worlds poorest nations. This was approved by the participating nations. It contains nine key pillars which will need action plan to target the shortcomings of some 170 nations. This includes the enhancing of food security coherence policy, agricultural productivity and a training strategy to improve employment skills development Reforming the Mandate, Mission, and Governance of the IMF At the G20 Pittsburg Summit, President Obama led and proposed the call to reform to include dynamic emerging-markets and the developing countries to be more represented in IMF and its Executive Board so that it is more representative of todays Global economy. This will enhance IMFs credibility and effectiveness to form a stronger institution in promoting and achieving Global financial stability and growth. The advanced European countries agreed to relinquish two of their eight seats to provide a greater voice to these countries. The reform also moves BRIC nations (Brazil, China, India and Russia) into IMF top 10 shareholders to account for the size of their economies. It includes the protection of the voting share of the poorest countries and also maintaining US veto over key IMF decisions. Enhancing Global Financial safety nets The IMF Governance made significant reforms to its lending facilities to include the establishment of the Precautionary Credit Line and the enhancement to its Flexible Credit Line, both of which are new measures to help the prevention of crisis spreading against external shocks by allowing strongly-performing countries to insure themselves during future crisis. Leaders and some citizens disagree on any proposal to lenders of last resort as they believe this would articulate moral hazards. However, it is essential to strengthen the global financial safety net by doubling the size of the Fund to bring the IMF quotas to be like a lender of last resort and act as a mechanism to mobilize the IMF financing for special drawing rights (SDR) and for any temporary swap arrangements. The reform should look to include the need to integrate better its surveillance and financing role. Strengthening Global Financial Regulatory framework The Financial Stability Board (FSB) has been tasked to develop capital and liquidity standards for systemically important financial institutions (SIFI) to prevent excessive risk taking and was asked to suggest appropriate resolution tools for effective supervision of the SIFIs to mitigate potential systemic failures, moral hazards, too big to fail and to ensure its commitment to the World Bank Financial Sector Assessment Program. Global Financial Inclusion Action Plan and Flexible SME Finance Framework Expand opportunities to poor households, small and medium enterprise to access global financial services Harmonized framework for EU for national restructuring and improved control in Europe to be established as of 1 Jan 2011to ensure stability of the financial markets. Exchange Rate Policy The discussion from a nominal exchange rate to the rebalancing of current account issue was discussed. G20 leaders pledged to work together to avoid competitive devaluations of currencies and draw up guidelines by 30 June 2011 to address measures on trade imbalances Doha Development Round These are the principal documents agreed by WTO member Governments at important stages in the trade negotiations. Commitment to promptly bring to a successful completion of Doha development mandate and that representatives must intensify and expand in 2011 for the outcome to be reached and commit to seek ratification where necessary to resist protectionist measures. Landmark free trade accord (FTA) sought by the US with South Korea was not achieve in Seoul. Trade and investment liberalisation has been a key economic foreign trade policy. President Obama stressed shared values on democracy and tolerance with Indonesia and India, implying that Asia would do better to embrace this model rather than Chinas version of capitalism. As the CEO of Credit Suisse, we need to continue to maintain our strong position as one of the best capitalised global banks with a Basel II Tier 1 ratio of 16.7%. We include our dividend accruals in our Tier 1 ratio in line with the historic payout. Unde r the new tighter Swiss Banking regulation for a proposed first capital surcharge on too big to fail banks, Credit Suisse is required to meet its capital holdings to almost double the minimum capital adequacy by at least 19% of assets, weighted according to risk. Credit Suisse has achieved this including a counter-cyclical capital buffer, using a conservative organic growth for a common equity ratio to at least 10% by 2019 as compared to the 7% required under Basel III for other banks. In line with Basle requirements, we use incremental default risk adjustments to include credit risks held in our trading books. We continue to make disciplined investments in a global platform and have reduced our proprietary business and refocused our business strategy to a more flow based model in the emerging markets which should generate higher revenues and also mitigate some impact from any incremental default risk relating to credit inventories. On our derivative business that has uncollatera lized exposures, these will either mature or be hedged over the next few years. We also concentrate on fixed income, underwriting and advisory business which is yielding high returns and achieving good solid performance reflecting our improving competitive position. We will keep abreast of developments on an ongoing basis and will move quickly to take advantage of business opportunities if considered prudent and in keeping with our strategy. Likewise, we will closely monitor currency exposures and will take appropriate action to maximise gains and to minimise potential losses. We continue to operate on a high standard of corporate governance, including liquidity management, accounting, audit and lending practices. We also ensure that proper supervision and expertise is applied by our managers and staff and to equip the organization with appropriate Risk Measurement tools to capture trade, operational and counterparty risks, in addition to the capture of securitisation and ware housing on and off balance sheet. We have compensation and profit sharing schemes that are based on performance measured and risk adjusted over the business cycle rather than short term risk taking. Other than external credit ratings, we also use in house measurements ratings. We need to increase the direct trading via centralised exchanges as this will quality for a zero risk weight for counterparty risk exposure and avoid the build up of excess leverage which can lead to deleveraging credit crunch in a crisis situation. We must continue to ensure the capture of effective information with regard to open, unmatched positions and currency exposure and it remains highly prudent that we continue to adjust our business strategy and prepare ourselves ahead of current and future market uncertainties to avoid adverse contagion risks.